The enlightenment of "industry 4.0" to the current industrial development of China
"The rapid rise in Labour costs is causing Chinese industry to lose its cost advantage." This argument, which is generally accepted, is biased by the intellectualization of industrial production brought by "industry 4.0"
First, medium and high-end human resources advantages.
"The factory of the future is not the 'factory of no one'." Smart manufacturing allows people to take on more challenging roles, such as innovating, planning, supervising and coordinating the operation of machines, according to rutherford, a former chief executive of Siemens' industrial business. The huge increase in demand for knowledge workers will provide sustainable support for industrial intelligence, and China is clearly the "rich mine" of such high-end human resources.
According to statistics, by 2012, China's total human resources in science and technology had reached 38.5 million, and the total number of r&d personnel had reached 1.09 million, ranking first and second in the world respectively. A recent study by ernst & young also showed that the combined annual cost of an engineer in China ($30,000) is only a tenth of that in the us ($300,000). "What China is losing is only the cost advantage of low-level human resources, while the quantity and cost advantage of high-end human resources will continue to be released."
Second, a complete and complete industrial system.
According to a recent survey by the New York times, the competitive advantage of Chinese industry now lies more in the complete supply chain. For example, China is the only country in the world that has all the industrial categories ( 39 industrial categories, 191 industrial categories and 525 sub-categories ) in the United Nations industrial classification, forming an industrial system with "complete and independent categories". From basic components such as screws to communications, aerospace and high-speed rail, a complete industrial chain ensures that China can maintain its irreplaceable position in the world's industrial markets.
What is more remarkable is that this huge and complete industrial system is highly flexible thanks to the agglomeration effect of many industrial enterprises. As one former apple executive told the New York times, "you need 1,000 rubber gaskets? It's in the factory next door. You need a million screws? There are factories across the street. You need to make a small change to the screw? Three hours will do." It is obvious that Chinese industrial enterprises, to some extent, have the characteristics of synergy and flexibility that will shine brilliantly in the future networked industrial era, and pave the way for the realization of "industry 4.0" in the future.
Third, the world's largest demand market.
China is not only the "world factory" with a complete, flexible and efficient industrial chain, but also the world's largest consumer market. In the future, this dual role will enable stronger interaction between domestic markets and industrial production, promote socio-economic development and help to withstand the impact of fluctuations in the world economy.
Fourth, the organizational capacity of mass production.
According to zhang qizai, a researcher at the institute of industrial economics at the Chinese academy of social sciences, the strong organizational capacity of the government is also a unique advantage that Chinese industry cannot ignore. At present, our government attaches great importance to industrial upgrading. From the "equipment manufacturing adjustment and revitalization plan" to the "12th five-year plan for industrial transformation and upgrading", the "12th five-year plan for the development of intelligent manufacturing equipment industry", and the "China manufacturing power 2025 plan outline", the Chinese government has been planning the top-level design of China's industrial development.
At the same time, local governments have also stepped up their efforts. For example, from this year, the government of dongguan, guangdong province will allocate 200 million yuan per year in the special fund of "science and technology dongguan" project to promote the industrial upgrading mainly based on "replacing people with machines". In 2013, zhejiang province's economy and information technology commission revealed to the media that zhejiang will implement a robot replacement project, which will invest 500 billion yuan in robots in five years to promote the transformation of industrial production to "intelligent".
China has strong backing for industrial upgrading
"There are several similarities between Germany's 'industry 4.0' strategy and the deep integration of the two industrialization proposed by China, which coincide with China's manufacturing power strategy." Luo wen believes that it is precisely because of the promotion of the integration of the two industries in recent years that the information infrastructure construction and the information product supply industry in China develop rapidly, creating favorable conditions for China to learn from "industry 4.0" to realize the network, intelligence and service of industrial production.
In particular, the "broadband China" strategy and implementation plan released by the state council on August 1, 2013 clearly put forward that "constantly expand and deepen the application of broadband in production and operation, accelerate enterprise broadband networking and network-based process reengineering and business innovation, and use information technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries". Experts believe that from 2016 to 2020, after the construction of broadband network has achieved significant results, its effect of promoting industrial technology upgrading will also appear.
The increasing capacity for scientific and technological innovation has also provided impetus for industrial upgrading. According to the national innovation index report 2013 released by the Chinese academy of science and technology development strategy, the main indicators of China's independent innovation capacity have reached the world's leading level. In 2012, the r&d expenditure exceeded one trillion yuan for the first time, accounting for more than 14% of the total global r&d investment, ranking third in the world. The number of international scientific papers (SCI) ranks the second in the world, and the number of highly cited papers ranks the fourth in the world. The number of domestic invention patent applications and grants ranked first and second in the world respectively, accounting for 37.9% and 22.3% of the global total. The added value of China's knowledge service industry has increased from 2.7% in 2000 to 8.8% now, ranking the third in the world and approaching the development level of Japan.
The improvement in China's innovation capacity is reflected not only in these happy figures, but also in the tangible progress brought by the release of innovative energy storage. Its most direct example is in our country, such as mobile communications, power generation equipment, electronic commerce, machine tool manufacturing, household appliances, engineering machinery, aerospace, high-speed railway and other fields in a batch has a large innovation ability, has wide influence in the international enterprise, emerge a batch of leading edge vision even in a new era of entrepreneurs. China's progress in recent years is also evident in the emerging industries with industrial revolution features, such as 3D printing, new materials and new energy.
